外傭照顧BB時需要注意/不要做的事

✅一定要做的事

1️⃣注重衛生：外傭照顧寶寶前，務必用肥皂和流動水洗手至少 20 秒，手心、手背、指縫、指尖都要搓洗到位。每次接觸寶寶的餐具、玩具前，也需重複洗手步驟。寶寶的玩具，每日要用專用消毒液擦拭，尤其是寶寶愛啃咬的玩具，更要著重清潔。餐具每餐使用後，先用洗潔精洗淨，再放入沸水中煮沸 3 - 5 分鐘進行消毒。外傭自己要做到勤洗澡，每天更換衣物，頭髮最好束起，避免頭髮掉落影響寶寶。工作期間，不佩戴過多首飾，防止刮傷寶寶或被寶寶誤食。

2️⃣科學餵養：母乳餵養時，外傭要協助媽媽調整到舒適、正確的姿勢，比如搖籃式、側臥式等，讓寶寶能順利含住乳頭和大部分乳暈，防止寶寶吃奶時吸入過多空氣。奶粉餵養的話，嚴格按照奶粉罐上標註的比例沖調，水溫控制在 40 - 50℃，先放水後放奶粉，輕輕搖晃奶瓶使奶粉充分溶解。餵奶前，將奶液滴幾滴在手腕內側試溫，感覺不涼不燙才可以喂給寶寶。餵奶過程中，要時刻關注寶寶狀態，避免寶寶嗆奶。餵奶後，豎著抱起寶寶，讓寶寶頭部靠在自己肩部，用空心掌從下往上輕輕拍打寶寶後背，直至寶寶打出嗝，減少吐奶情況。

3️⃣營造好睡眠環境：提前拉好窗簾，遮擋強烈光線，可使用遮光效果好的窗簾。調節室內溫度在 24 - 26℃，藉助空調、加濕器、除濕器等設備，將濕度維持在 50% - 60%。給寶寶準備舒適、柔軟、透氣性好的床墊和床單，被子不要過厚過重。寶寶睡覺時，外傭要在旁邊輕聲陪伴，留意寶寶是否有翻身捂住口鼻等危險動作，一旦發現及時調整。

4️⃣細心護理皮膚：每天給寶寶洗澡，夏天可早晚各洗一次，冬天可隔天洗一次。洗澡水溫控制在 38 - 40℃，先放冷水再加熱水，用手或水溫計充分攪拌均勻後測試水溫。洗澡時，動作要輕柔，尤其注意清洗頸部、腋窩、腹股溝、手肘、膝蓋等皺褶處，這些部位容易藏污納垢，洗完後用柔軟的毛巾輕輕蘸乾水分，不要來回擦拭，避免擦傷寶寶皮膚。接著給寶寶全身塗抹嬰兒專用護膚霜，鎖住皮膚水分，防止皮膚乾燥。勤換尿布，每隔 2 - 3 小時查看一次，一旦發現尿布濕了或臟了，馬上更換。換尿布時，用溫水沾濕柔軟的毛巾或棉柔巾，輕輕擦拭寶寶屁屁，從前向後擦，防止細菌感染尿道。擦乾後，可塗抹護臀膏，預防尿布疹。

5️⃣做好臍帶護理（針對新生兒）：寶寶臍帶未脫落前，每天用碘伏棉簽消毒 1 - 2 次，消毒時提起臍帶殘端，從根部開始，以順時針方向螺旋式消毒，範圍直徑約 2 - 3 厘米，確保臍帶殘端及周圍皮膚都消毒到位，保持臍帶殘端乾燥、清潔。給寶寶穿紙尿褲或衣物時，注意不要摩擦到臍帶，防止臍帶過早脫落或出血。

❌一定不能做的事

1️⃣別給寶寶喂母乳、配方奶以外食物：在寶寶 4 - 6 個月前，除了母乳和配方奶，絕對不能喂其他東西，包括水、果汁、米糊等。因為此時寶寶的腸胃消化功能尚未發育完善，過早添加其他食物，可能導致寶寶消化不良、腹瀉、過敏等問題。哪怕寶寶表現出對食物的興趣，也不能心軟喂食，一切要以寶寶的健康發育為主。

2️⃣別搖晃寶寶：寶寶腦部發育不完善，腦部組織比較脆弱，大力搖晃可能導致腦部血管破裂、腦組織受損，引發嚴重後果，如智力發育遲緩、癲癇等。即使是哄睡，也只能輕輕、緩慢地搖晃，幅度要極小。可以採用輕柔的撫摸、哼唱搖籃曲等方式哄寶寶入睡。

3️⃣別自行給寶寶用藥：寶寶生病時，外傭千萬不能憑藉自己的經驗或聽別人說的方法，自行給寶寶喂藥。哪怕是常見的退燒藥、感冒藥、止咳藥等，每種藥物的適用年齡、劑量、服用方法都有嚴格要求，錯誤用藥可能給寶寶帶來極大危害。必須第一時間告知家長，由家長帶寶寶就醫，遵循醫生的診斷和處方給寶寶用藥。

4️⃣別讓寶寶睡軟床墊或用枕頭：寶寶骨骼柔軟，睡軟床墊時，身體容易陷進去，脊柱不能保持自然的生理彎曲，可能影響脊柱發育，還可能導致寶寶呼吸不暢，有窒息風險。1 歲以內寶寶的脊柱是直的，生理彎曲還未形成，不需要用枕頭，使用枕頭可能使寶寶的呼吸道彎曲，阻礙呼吸，影響睡眠質量和身體發育。

5️⃣別單獨留寶寶在高處：絕對不能把寶寶單獨留在床、沙發、餐椅、嬰兒車等高處，寶寶可能隨時翻身、亂動摔下來，造成摔傷、骨折等嚴重傷害。哪怕只是短暫離開，如去隔壁房間拿東西，也一定要先將寶寶抱到安全的地方，比如鋪了爬行墊的地板上，並在旁邊設置安全圍欄。

6️⃣別給寶寶綁腿：寶寶在媽媽肚子裡時，腿部就是彎曲的，出生後腿部自然彎曲也是正常現象，這是為了適應子宮內的空間。強行給寶寶綁腿，會限制寶寶腿部的活動，影響腿部肌肉和骨骼的正常發育，可能導致寶寶腿部發育畸形。隨著寶寶的成長，腿部會逐漸變直，家長無需擔心。

7️⃣別過度限制寶寶活動：寶寶醒著時，要讓寶寶有足夠空間自由活動四肢，比如在安全的爬行墊上爬行、踢腿、伸手抓東西等，這有利於寶寶肌肉力量的增強、骨骼的生長發育以及身體協調性的提高。不要總是把寶寶放在嬰兒車裡，限制寶寶的活動範圍，除非外出或特殊情況，盡量多給寶寶創造自由活動的機會。

8️⃣別對寶寶態度粗暴：外傭照顧寶寶要有足夠耐心，寶寶哭鬧是表達需求的方式，可能是餓了、渴了、困了、尿布濕了或者身體不舒服等。外傭要仔細觀察、耐心安撫，不能因為寶寶哭鬧就不耐煩、大聲呵斥甚至打罵寶寶。寶寶長期處於這種不良環境下，可能會產生恐懼、不安等心理問題，影響寶寶的心理健康發育。

各位寶媽，把這些注意事項清晰、明確地告訴外傭，日常多留意外傭照顧寶寶的情況，及時溝通、糾正，相信外傭也能把寶寶照顧得很好，讓咱們更安心

✅ Things that must be done

1️⃣ Pay attention to hygiene: Before taking care of the baby, the foreign domestic helper must wash their hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds, making sure to clean the palms, backs of the hands, between the fingers, and fingertips thoroughly. Every time before touching the baby's tableware or toys, they need to repeat the hand-washing steps. The baby's toys should be wiped with a special disinfectant every day, especially the toys that the baby loves to bite, which need extra cleaning. After each meal, the tableware should first be washed with dish soap, then put into boiling water and boiled for 3 - 5 minutes for disinfection. The foreign domestic helper themselves should take a bath frequently, change clothes every day, and it's better to tie up their hair to avoid hair falling and affecting the baby. During work, they should not wear too much jewelry to prevent scratching the baby or the baby from accidentally swallowing it.

2️⃣ Scientific feeding: When breastfeeding, the foreign domestic helper should assist the mother in adjusting to a comfortable and correct posture, such as the cradle hold or side-lying position, so that the baby can smoothly latch onto the nipple and most of the areola, preventing the baby from inhaling too much air while feeding. For formula feeding, strictly follow the proportion marked on the formula can to prepare the milk. The water temperature should be controlled at 40 - 50℃. Put water first and then add the formula, and gently shake the bottle to fully dissolve the formula. Before feeding, drop a few drops of milk on the inside of the wrist to test the temperature; it's suitable only if it feels neither cold nor hot. During the feeding process, always pay attention to the baby's condition to avoid the baby choking. After feeding, hold the baby upright, let the baby's head rest on your shoulder, and gently pat the baby's back from bottom to top with an empty palm until the baby burps, to reduce spit-up.

3️⃣ Create a good sleeping environment: Pull the curtains in advance to block strong light; blackout curtains with good light-shielding effect can be used. Adjust the indoor temperature to 24 - 26℃, and use air conditioners, humidifiers, dehumidifiers and other equipment to maintain the humidity at 50% - 60%. Prepare a comfortable, soft, and breathable mattress and bed sheet for the baby, and the quilt should not be too thick or heavy. When the baby is sleeping, the foreign domestic helper should stay by the side quietly, pay attention to whether the baby has dangerous movements such as rolling over and covering the mouth and nose, and adjust in time once found.

4️⃣ Care for the skin carefully: Bathe the baby every day; it can be done once in the morning and once in the evening in summer, and every other day in winter. The bathing water temperature is controlled at 38 - 40℃. Put cold water first and then hot water, stir thoroughly with hands or a water thermometer and then test the temperature. When bathing, move gently, and pay special attention to cleaning the folds such as the neck, armpits, groin, elbows, and knees, as these parts are prone to dirt. After washing, gently pat dry the water with a soft towel, do not rub back and forth to avoid scratching the baby's skin. Then apply baby-specific moisturizer all over the baby's body to lock in skin moisture and prevent dry skin. Change diapers frequently, check every 2 - 3 hours, and immediately change once the diaper is wet or dirty. When changing diapers, moisten a soft towel or cotton towel with warm water, gently wipe the baby's buttocks, wiping from front to back to prevent bacterial infection of the urethra. After drying, apply diaper cream to prevent diaper rash.

5️⃣ Take good care of the umbilical cord (for newborns): Before the baby's umbilical cord falls off, disinfect it with iodophor cotton swabs 1 - 2 times a day. When disinfecting, lift the umbilical cord stump, start from the root, and disinfect in a clockwise spiral manner with a diameter of about 2 - 3 cm, ensuring that the umbilical cord stump and the surrounding skin are thoroughly disinfected, and keep the umbilical cord stump dry and clean. When dressing the baby in diapers or clothes, be careful not to rub the umbilical cord to prevent premature falling off or bleeding of the umbilical cord.

❌ Things that must not be done

1️⃣ Don't feed the baby food other than breast milk or formula: Before the baby is 4 - 6 months old, never feed them anything other than breast milk and formula, including water, fruit juice, rice paste, etc. Because at this time, the baby's gastrointestinal digestive function is not yet fully developed, and adding other foods too early may cause problems such as indigestion, diarrhea, and allergies in the baby. Even if the baby shows interest in food, you must not give in and feed them; everything should be based on the baby's healthy development.

2️⃣ Don't shake the baby: The baby's brain is not fully developed, and the brain tissue is relatively fragile. Violent shaking may cause rupture of brain blood vessels and damage to brain tissue, leading to serious consequences such as mental retardation and epilepsy. Even when 哄睡，you can only shake gently and slowly with minimal amplitude. You can use gentle touching or humming lullabies to lull the baby to sleep.

3️⃣ Don't give medicine to the baby without permission: When the baby is sick, the foreign domestic helper must not give medicine to the baby based on their own experience or what others say. Even common antipyretics, cold medicines, cough medicines, etc., each has strict requirements on the applicable age, dosage, and administration method. Incorrect use of medicine may bring great harm to the baby. They must inform the parents immediately, and the parents should take the baby to see a doctor, and give medicine to the baby in accordance with the doctor's diagnosis and prescription.

4️⃣ Don't let the baby sleep on a soft mattress or use a pillow: The baby's bones are soft. When sleeping on a soft mattress, the body is easy to sink, and the spine cannot maintain its natural physiological curvature, which may affect the development of the spine. It may also cause the baby to have difficulty breathing and have a risk of suffocation. The spine of a baby under 1 year old is straight, and the physiological curvature has not yet formed, so there is no need to use a pillow. Using a pillow may bend the baby's respiratory tract, hinder breathing, and affect sleep quality and physical development.

5️⃣ Don't leave the baby alone on a high place: Never leave the baby alone on high places such as beds, sofas, high chairs, and strollers. The baby may roll over, move around and fall down at any time, causing serious injuries such as bruises and fractures. Even if you leave for a short time, such as going to the next room to get something, you must first carry the baby to a safe place, such as a floor covered with a crawling mat, and set up a safety fence beside it.

6️⃣ Don't bind the baby's legs: When the baby is in the mother's womb, the legs are bent, and it is a normal phenomenon for the legs to be naturally bent after birth, which is to adapt to the space in the uterus. Forcibly binding the baby's legs will restrict the movement of the baby's legs, affect the normal development of leg muscles and bones, and may lead to deformity of the baby's leg development. As the baby grows, the legs will gradually straighten, so parents don't need to worry.

7️⃣ Don't excessively restrict the baby's activities: When the baby is awake, let the baby have enough space to move their limbs freely, such as crawling, kicking, and reaching for things on a safe crawling mat. This is beneficial to the enhancement of the baby's muscle strength, the growth and development of bones, and the improvement of physical coordination. Don't always put the baby in a stroller to restrict their range of activities. Unless going out or in special circumstances, try to create more opportunities for the baby to move freely.

8️⃣ Don't be rude to the baby: The foreign domestic helper should have enough patience when taking care of the baby. The baby's crying is a way to express needs, which may be due to hunger, thirst, sleepiness, wet diapers, or physical discomfort. The foreign domestic helper should observe carefully and comfort patiently, and must not be impatient, shout loudly, or even hit the baby because of the baby's crying. If the baby is in such a bad environment for a long time, they may have psychological problems such as fear and anxiety, which will affect the baby's mental health development.

Dear mothers, clearly and explicitly tell the foreign domestic helper these precautions, pay more attention to the situation of the foreign domestic helper taking care of the baby in daily life, communicate and correct in time. I believe the foreign domestic helper can also take good care of the baby, making us more at ease